233 papers
This systematic review and meta-analysis reveals that while antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens is significantly more prevalent in clinical isolates than in aquatic environments, wastewater and effluent-impacted waters serve as critical reservoirs of resistance, highlighting the need for standardized methodologies within a One Health framework.
This study employs a two-stage Bayesian small area estimation framework that integrates routine commodity data, census figures, and national survey benchmarks to generate high-resolution, statistically robust district-level estimates of contraceptive prevalence in Pakistan, thereby addressing data gaps and enabling more targeted family planning interventions.
This qualitative study of 13 clinicians in Karachi, Pakistan, reveals that while AI in radiology is viewed as a promising assistant for specific tasks like screening and workload reduction, its successful adoption in this low-resource setting depends on addressing infrastructure gaps, ensuring data privacy, providing targeted training, and maintaining human oversight through strategic, staged implementation.
This study analyzed WHO STEPS data from twelve African countries between 2014 and 2019, revealing a 5% prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and critically low rates of prevention and treatment uptake, thereby highlighting an urgent need to improve diagnosis and expand care to reduce premature deaths.
This study utilizes transmission-dynamic modeling to demonstrate that concurrent Clade I mpox outbreaks in the DRC and Burundi are driven by distinct mechanisms—sexual transmission in non-enzootic areas versus zoonotic spillover in enzootic regions—and that timely detection combined with tailored, single-dose vaccination strategies, particularly prioritizing children in enzootic zones and sex workers in non-enzootic zones, could significantly reduce infection burdens.
This study demonstrates that an integrated housing, medical, and behavioral health intervention for individuals involved in the criminal-legal system significantly improved housing stability, particularly for older participants and those initially unstably housed, although high-severity substance use remained a barrier to success.
This noninferiority study demonstrates that AI-assisted data extraction using Elicit(R) is as accurate as, but significantly faster and more cost-effective than, human-only extraction for systematic reviews of RCTs, suggesting it can effectively replace one human extractor without compromising data quality.
This study demonstrates that Health Management Information System data, specifically test positivity rates, can be effectively triangulated with survey data using multi-level logistic regression to generate high-resolution, monthly estimates of *Plasmodium falciparum* parasite rates in Uganda, offering a cost-effective and resilient alternative for malaria surveillance as community survey frequency declines.
Five years after the onset of the pandemic, most high-income countries have yet to fully recover their pre-pandemic life expectancy trajectories, revealing that COVID-19 caused lasting, multi-year disruptions with distinct recovery patterns rather than a uniform, short-lived mortality shock.
This U.S. study reveals that higher levels of self-reported anxiety and depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with slower recovery of pre-pandemic mobility, indicating that psychological distress influences population movement behaviors beyond the effects of formal restrictions and mortality rates.
Despite Aotearoa New Zealand's reputation as a tobacco control leader, this qualitative study reveals that weak implementation of WHO FCTC Article 5.3, combined with inadequate transparency and lobbying laws, leaves public health policies vulnerable to unseen tobacco industry interference.
This retrospective cohort study of over 143,000 adults reveals that Long COVID is associated with progressively widening healthcare costs over five years, driven primarily by a threefold increase in visit frequency rather than care intensity, resulting in a cumulative excess burden of $7,124 per patient.
This study challenges the conventional view that older age inherently increases Long COVID risk, revealing instead that susceptibility is driven by comorbidity burden and physiological reserve rather than chronological age until approximately 65, after which protective mechanisms are exhausted.
This exploratory analysis of the PAX LC trial found that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment for Long COVID induced no significant virological or immunological changes compared to placebo, suggesting that the lack of clinical benefit may be due to the persistence of viral antigens and the absence of treatment-driven immune modulation, although symptom improvement in both groups was associated with reduced RANTES levels.
This study demonstrates the potential of wastewater environmental surveillance to support measles elimination in South Africa by successfully detecting measles virus RNA in samples from districts where clinical surveillance failed to identify cases, despite challenges with RNA degradation in stored samples.
This study analyzes Project 47 data to reveal significant regional disparities in emergency care capacity and non-communicable disease management resources across Kenya, highlighting critical gaps outside Nairobi and calling for targeted, equitable investment to decentralize essential services.
This protocol outlines a multicentre, randomised controlled trial in India designed to evaluate whether prolonged Kangaroo Mother Care (at least 8 hours daily) during the first 72 hours of life improves early weight gain, breastfeeding quality, and maternal-infant bonding in healthy, normal birth weight newborns compared to standard care.
Researchers developed and validated the Empirical Dietary Index for Slower Epigenetic Aging (EDISEA), a data-driven dietary pattern that decelerates epigenetic aging and is associated with reduced risks of aging-related diseases, mortality, and functional limitations through beneficial vascular, inflammatory, metabolic, and brain-structural pathways.
This study demonstrates that in target trial emulation of physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk, relying on self-reported exposure measurements obscures intervention effects due to measurement error and increases Type II error risk, whereas objective wearable-based assessments reveal a significant protective effect of meeting physical activity guidelines.
This nationwide study of over 50,000 U.S. adults using 20 million days of wearable data reveals distinct temporal and demographic patterns in physical activity and sedentary behavior, demonstrating that higher step counts and lower sedentary time are significantly associated with reduced risks of obesity, cardiometabolic diseases, and mental health disorders, with cardiovascular benefits plateauing at approximately 9,000–10,000 steps per day.